Health concerns prompted by summer’s heat, dry conditions

About three weeks into summer, health experts are reminding residents the season usually comes with lots of outdoor exposure to potential health risks – whether it be a picnic, a pool day or a morning hike.

West Nile virus, for example, thrives during summer.

Last week, the California Department of Public Health posted a notice on its website warning the public about the increase of West Nile throughout the state.

As of last Wednesday, 31 counties, including Merced County, have reported West Nile virus this year – that’s 10 more counties than this time last year and above the five-year average of 18 counties for this time of year, according to the Public Health Department.

“While there have been no human cases of West Nile virus reported so far this year, it is only a matter of time before we see the first case,” said state Health Officer Dr. Karen Smith in a news release. “As people go outdoors to enjoy the warm weather we’ve been experiencing, we’d like them to be safe and know how to protect themselves against West Nile virus.”

Officials said the virus is influenced by many factors, including climate, the number and types of mosquitoes and birds in the area, and the level of immunity in birds. It is also believed the drought contributes to West Nile amplification by reducing the sources of water, meaning birds and mosquitoes come in close contact with one another when seeking water.

Skin damage awareness also rises during the summer. Merced dermatologist David Pilkington said during this time of year he sees patients who come in for individual lesions or spots found by a patient’s family member or friend during a trip to the beach or lake, for example.

More people are aware of the consequences of sun damage today than 20 years ago, he said, but a reminder of the importance of sunblock and protecting skin is never a bad idea.

Poison oak is something to be wary about year-round, but because many families will travel to the foothills during summertime, it is something to keep in mind this season, Pilkington said. The dermatologist recommends people wear protective clothing, such as long sleeves and jeans, to reduce the risk of brushing against dangerous plants.

Heat exhaustion tends to be a concern for older adults and people with chronic conditions, especially when temperatures spike to the triple digits. According to the National Institute on Aging, the elderly are more susceptible to heat fatigue, heat stroke and other heat-related illnesses.

Respiratory problems are known to be an issue in the bowl-shaped San Joaquin Valley. When pollution is combined with heat, symptoms may worsen. According to the Valley Air District, the heat combined with pollution in the air can create toxic compounds, such as ozone smog and particulate matter.

Dry conditions don’t help. When the ground is dry, strong winds can blow around loose soil from dry lake beds and empty fields. Dry surfaces also allow vehicles to kick up dust. The loose dust and soil can boost concentrations of fine particulates. Long periods of no air flow do not allow pollution to escape the area.

Poor air quality has been linked to various health problems. Air officials have explained that exposure to fine particulate pollution can affect the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

Fires during the summer can also pose a threat. Smoke from fire is mainly particulate matter that can lodge deep in the lungs, causing illnesses such as emphysema and bronchitis, as well as lung infections.

This story was originally published July 14, 2015 at 6:55 PM with the headline "Health concerns prompted by summer’s heat, dry conditions."